Ovarian Cysts — Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
A fluid-filled sac on an ovary, often found by chance on a scan. Most are harmless and settle by themselves — here's how to tell when one needs a closer look, and what a consultant gynaecologist can do.
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on or inside an ovary. Most are 'functional' cysts linked to the menstrual cycle, and they usually disappear without treatment.
Other types — such as endometriomas (linked to endometriosis) or dermoid cysts — don't go away on their own and may need monitoring or removal. A small number of cysts, particularly after the menopause, need checking to rule out cancer. Knowing which kind you have is what decides the next step.
Symptoms of ovarian cysts.
Many cysts cause no symptoms at all and are only found during a scan for something else.
Why it happens.
Most ovarian cysts form as part of the normal monthly cycle. Others are linked to particular conditions or life stages.
Don't wait for it to settle.
Early assessment helps you get the right treatment sooner. See a specialist if:
Assessed by a consultant gynaecologist.
Mr Mehasseb talks through your symptoms and cycle, examines you if it will help, and reviews any scan you've already had. An ultrasound scan is the main test for ovarian cysts and is arranged where needed, sometimes with a blood test. He then explains what type of cyst it is likely to be and what that means for you.
How ovarian cysts is treated.
Most cysts simply need time and a recheck; only some need removing.
Assessment of your symptoms and any scan results, and a clear plan — reassurance, monitoring or further treatment.
Many simple cysts are rechecked with a repeat scan after a few months; you then review the result with Mr Mehasseb.
Large or persistent cysts, cysts causing symptoms, or those with unusual features may need removing. Mr Mehasseb explains the options and where the operation would take place.
Mr Mehasseb's training in gynaecological cancer means unusual cysts are assessed with real expertise.
Bring any report or images and leave understanding exactly what they show.
Monitoring is often the right choice, and you'll be told why.
No GP referral needed for a gynaecology consultation.
Ask for one for any examination, when you book or on arrival.
What causes ovarian cysts? +
Most are functional cysts: each month the ovary grows a small sac (a follicle) to release an egg, and sometimes it doesn't release the egg or doesn't shrink afterwards, leaving a cyst. Other cysts are caused by endometriosis, form from cells present since birth (dermoid cysts), or are linked to pregnancy or fertility treatment.
What size of ovarian cyst is dangerous? +
There's no single cut-off. Small, simple cysts — commonly under about 5 cm — often go away on their own. Larger cysts, cysts that persist over several months, or those with solid areas on the scan are more likely to need closer follow-up or removal, partly because bigger cysts carry a higher risk of twisting the ovary. The type of cyst matters as much as its size.
Do ovarian cysts go away on their own? +
Functional cysts usually disappear within two or three menstrual cycles without treatment. Endometriomas and dermoid cysts tend to stay, so they're monitored or removed depending on their size and your symptoms.
Can ovarian cysts cause back pain? +
Yes. A cyst can cause a dull ache in the lower back or the tops of the thighs, as well as pelvic pain on one side. Back pain has many causes, though, so it's worth having the whole picture assessed.
Can ovarian cysts be cancerous? +
The great majority are benign. The chance of a cyst being cancerous is higher after the menopause, which is why new cysts in older women are always looked at carefully. Mr Mehasseb is a consultant gynaecological oncologist and can advise on any cyst with worrying features.
What happens if an ovarian cyst bursts? +
A burst cyst can cause sudden, sharp pain low in the tummy, sometimes with a little bleeding. Mild cases settle with rest and pain relief, but severe pain, fever, dizziness, fainting or vomiting need urgent hospital care — call 999 or go to A&E.
Don't put up with it.
Book an assessment with a consultant and get a clear picture — and a plan.